With the number of cancer cases increasing with each passing day cancer biomarkers constitutes one of the most rapidly advancing fields in clinical diagnostics.
They can be used to screen asymptomatic individuals in the general population, to assist in early and specific diagnosis in suspect cases, to select patients who may benefit from specific treatments, to predict prognosis and response to therapy and finally to monitor patients after primary therapy.
Conventional histopathology based on assessing morphology has remained the standard diagnostic method for many years. More recently, newer techniques like immuno-histochemistry have been added as valuable adjuncts to light microscopy in cancer diagnosis.
Immuno-histochemistry is a well-established technique which is of paramount importance in unclassified tumors such as undifferentiated tumors, small round blue cell tumors and lymphoid malignancies in particular. The common immunohistochemical panels used are cytokeratin for epithelial malignancies, leucocyte common antigen for lymphomas, S-100 protein for neural and neuroectodermal differentiation, HMB-45 for melanomas, Desmin and Vimentin for tumors exhibiting muscle and mesenchymal differentiation respectively. This also helps in metastatic tumors of unknown primary to direct further therapeutic decisions by delineating the origin of the tumor. Immuno-histochemistry has been utilized extensively to determine Estrogen, Progesterone and Her-2 neu receptor status in breast cancer in predicting response to therapy. Yet other antibodies directed against proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle like Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E have been reported to be of prognostic significance in breast cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
We at Diagnostic BioSystems offer comprehensive IHC panels for different tumor types.
The IHC panels include rabbit monoclonals and polyclonals as well as mouse monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies ensure sensitivity and specificity of IHC tests. As a result, pathologists and oncologists can have rapid, precise results and an accurate diagnosis to determine an effective treatment for their patients.
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IHC Panel Marker PRODUCTS
Overview and Definition of IHC Panel Markers
immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become a standard method of diagnosis for surgical pathology. Because of the plethora of diagnoses and often subtle nature of diagnostic criteria, IHC finds particular utility in soft tissue tumors. The use of progressively small amounts of tissue for diagnosis highlights the importance of this method. The sensitivity and crispness of IHC stains have progressively improved with the advent of new techniques.
Traditionally, IHC detects cell-typic markers that characterize cell phenotypes, such as chromogranin for neuroectodermal tissue, myogenin for skeletal muscle, and cytokeratin for epithelium. However, the advent of genetic discoveries have led to IHC testing for detection of fusion gene products or overexpressed oncogenes associated with deletions and mutations.
Proliferation-based markers such as Ki-67 can also be used for prognosis and grading, but more standardization is needed. Development of monoclonal antibody-based pharmaceuticals, such as imatinib or crizotinib, holds the promise of tailored anticancer therapy. IHC thus has assumed importance not only for diagnosis but also for guidance of personalized medicine.
People also ask - IHC Panel Markers frequently asked questions (FAQs)
What is an IHC panel?
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel test is vital test which is used to detect specific molecules (also called as antigens) in cells of various tissues specimens.
What is IHC markers test?
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel test uses labelled antibodies which are matching molecules that attach themselves to target markers/or antigens in cells. These antibodies are then detected with help of tags such as fluorescent stains and help to identify the sample tissue under the microscope.
What does IHC positive mean?
A positive test means that a marker or receptor is found on the cell during the biopsy or indicates a certain change in the protein of the tumour. The positive result indicates that the person might have inherited a genetic condition.
How is IHC marker test done?
Collection of tissue: The first step for conducting the IHC test is tissue processing, fixation, and sectioning. The technician or pathologist collects the tissue samples for the biopsy process in a non-breakable, sterilized plastic container.
Tissue fixation is followed by tissue fixation, which helps preserve the antigens. Embedding tissue provides the necessary support during the sectioning process. Paraffin embedding is the most common process for preparing the tissue sections. Sample fixation helps tissue processing and prevents the degradation of antigens, cells, and tissues.
ihc markers for soft tissue tumors
Immunohistochemistry is an integral component in the proper analysis of soft tissue tumours, and a simple panel of six markers is useful in practical triage: CD34, desmin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), keratin cocktail AE1/AE3, S100 protein and alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA).